WTO與貿(mào)易有關(guān)的知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)協(xié)定（II）
Article 13 Limitations and Exceptions第13條 限制和例外
Members shall confine limitations or exceptions to exclusive rights to certain special cases which do not conflict with a normal exploitation of the work and do not unreasonably prejudice the legitimate interests of the right holder.
各成員對(duì)專有權(quán)作出的任何限制或例外規(guī)定應(yīng)限于某些特殊情況，且不會(huì)與對(duì)作品的正常利用相沖突，也不會(huì)不合理地?fù)p害權(quán)利持有人的合法權(quán)益。
Article 14 Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms (Sound Recordings) and Broadcasting Organizations
第14條 對(duì)表演者、 錄音制品(唱片)制作者和廣播組織的保護(hù)
1.In respect of a fixation of their performance on a phonogram, performers shall have the possibility of preventing the following acts when undertaken without their authorization： the fixation of their unfixed performance and the reproduction of such fixation. Performers shall also have the possibility of preventing the following acts when undertaken without their authorization: the broadcasting by wireless means and the communication to the public of their live performance.
就將其表演錄制在錄音制品上而言，表演者應(yīng)有可能阻止下列未經(jīng)其授權(quán)的行為：錄制其未錄制過(guò)的表演和復(fù)制這些錄制品。表演者還應(yīng)有可能阻止下列未經(jīng)其授權(quán)的行為：以無(wú)線廣播方式播出和向大眾傳播其現(xiàn)場(chǎng)表演。
2.Producers of phonograms shall enjoy the right to authorize or prohibit the direct or indirect reproduction of their phonograms.
錄音制品制作者應(yīng)享有準(zhǔn)許或禁止直接或間接復(fù)制其錄音制品的權(quán)利。
3.Broadcasting organizations shall have the right to prohibit the following acts when undertaken without their authorization：the fixation，the reproduction of fixations，and the rebroadcasting by wireless means of broadcasts, as well as the communication to the public of television broadcasts of the same. Where Members do not grant such rights to broadcasting organizations，they shall provide owners of copyright in the subject matter of broadcasts with the possibility of preventing the above acts，subject to the provisions of the Berne Convention (1971).
廣播組織應(yīng)有權(quán)禁止下列未經(jīng)其授權(quán)的行為：錄制、復(fù)制其錄制品、以無(wú)線廣播方式轉(zhuǎn)播其廣播，以及將其電視廣播向公眾再轉(zhuǎn)播。如若各成員未授予廣播組織這種權(quán)利，則應(yīng)在符合《伯爾尼公約》(1971)規(guī)定的前提下，給予廣播客體的版權(quán)所有人以阻止上述行為的可能性。
4.The provisions of Article 11 in respect of computer programs shall apply mutatis mutandis to producers of phonograms and any other right holders in phonograms as determined in a Member's law. If on 15 April 1994 a Member has in force a system of equitable remuneration of right holders in respect of the rental of phonograms，it may maintain such system provided that the commercial rental of phonograms is not giving rise to the material impairment of the exclusive rights of reproduction of right holders.
第11條關(guān)于計(jì)算機(jī)程序的規(guī)定作必要修改后應(yīng)適用于錄音制品制作者和按一成員法確定的任何其他對(duì)錄音制品的權(quán)利持有人。如若在1994年4月15日，一成員在錄音制品的出租方面已在實(shí)施向權(quán)利持有人公平付酬的制度，則可維持這一制度，只要對(duì)錄音制品的商業(yè)性出租不對(duì)權(quán)利持有人的專有復(fù)制權(quán)造成實(shí)質(zhì)性的減損。
5.The term of the protection available under this Agreement to performers and producers of phonograms shall last at least until the end of a period of 50 years computed from the end of the calendar year in which the fixation was made or the performance took place. The term of protection granted pursuant to paragraph 3 shall last for at least 20 years from the end of the calendar year in which the broadcast took place.
本協(xié)定項(xiàng)下給予表演者和錄音制品制作者可獲得的保護(hù)期限，應(yīng)自該錄制或表演發(fā)生的日歷年年底起，至少持續(xù)到第50年年末。根據(jù)第3款所給予的保護(hù)期限，應(yīng)自廣播發(fā)生的日歷年年底起，至少持續(xù)20年。
6.Any Member may, in relation to the rights conferred under paragraphs 1，2 and 3， provide for conditions，limitations，exceptions and reservations to the extent permitted by the Rome Convention. However，the provisions of Article 18 of the Berne Convention(1971) shall also apply，mutatis mutandis，to the rights of performers and producers of phonograms in phonograms.
任何成員可對(duì)第1款、第2款和第3款給予的權(quán)利，在《羅馬公約》允許的限度內(nèi)，規(guī)定條件、限制、例外和保留。但是，《伯爾尼公約》(1971)第18條的規(guī)定在作必要修改后也應(yīng)適用于表演者和錄音制品制作者就錄音制品享有的權(quán)利。
SECTION 2: TRADEMARKS 第二節(jié)：商標(biāo)
Article 15 Protectable Subject Matter第15條 可保護(hù)客體
1.Any sign，or any combination of signs, capable of distinguishing the goods or services of one undertaking from those of other undertakings，shall be capable of constituting a trademark. Such signs，in particular words including personal names，letters，numerals， figurative elements and combinations of colors as well as any combination of such signs， shall be eligible for registration as trademarks. Where signs are not inherently capable of distinguishing the relevant goods or services，Members may make registrability depend on distinctiveness acquired through use. Members may require，as a condition of registration，that signs be visually perceptible.
任何標(biāo)記或標(biāo)記的組合，只要能區(qū)分一企業(yè)和其他企業(yè)的貨物或服務(wù)，就應(yīng)能構(gòu)成一個(gè)商標(biāo)。這些標(biāo)記，特別是單詞，包括個(gè)人名、字母、數(shù)字、圖形成分和顏色的組合以及任何這些標(biāo)記的組合，均應(yīng)有資格作為商標(biāo)進(jìn)行注冊(cè)。如若標(biāo)記沒有固有的區(qū)分有關(guān)商品或服務(wù)的特征，各成員可經(jīng)由使用后獲得的顯著性作為是否予以注冊(cè)。各成員可要求，作為注冊(cè)的一個(gè)條件，這些標(biāo)記應(yīng)在視覺上可感知的。
2.Paragraph 1 shall not be understood to prevent a Member from denying registration of a trademark on other grounds，provided that they do not derogate from the provisions of the Paris Convention (1967).
第1款不應(yīng)理解為阻止一成員以其他理由拒絕商標(biāo)的注冊(cè)，只要這些理由不違反《巴黎公約》(1967)的規(guī)定。
3.Members may make registrability depend on use. However，actual use of a trademark shall not be a condition for filing an application for registration. An application shall not be refused solely on the ground that intended use has not taken place before the expiry of a period of three years from the date of application.
各成員可將使用作為注冊(cè)的前提。然而，一商標(biāo)的實(shí)際使用不應(yīng)作為申請(qǐng)注冊(cè)的一項(xiàng)條件。不能僅僅因?yàn)樽陨暾?qǐng)日起三年期滿商標(biāo)末按原意使用而拒絕該申請(qǐng)。
4.The nature of the goods or services to which a trademark is to be applied shall in no case form an obstacle to registration of the trademark.
一商標(biāo)所適用的貨物或服務(wù)的性質(zhì)在任何情況下不得成為申請(qǐng)商標(biāo)注冊(cè)的障礙。
5.Members shall publish each trademark either before it is registered or promptly after it is registered and shall afford a reasonable opportunity for petitions to cancel the registration. In addition，Members may afford an opportunity for the registration of a trademark to be opposed.
各成員應(yīng)在商標(biāo)注冊(cè)前或在注冊(cè)后迅速公布每一商標(biāo)，并應(yīng)給予請(qǐng)求撤銷注冊(cè)以合理的機(jī)會(huì)。此外，各成員可以提供對(duì)商標(biāo)之注冊(cè)提出異議的機(jī)會(huì)。
Article 16 Rights Conferred第16條 授予的權(quán)利
1.The owner of a registered trademark shall have the exclusive right to prevent all third parties not having the owner's consent from using in the course of trade identical or similar signs for goods or services which are identical or similar to those in respect of which the trademark is registered where such use would result in a likelihood of confusion. In case of the use of an identical sign for identical goods or services，a likelihood of confusion shall be presumed. The rights described above shall not prejudice any existing prior rights，nor shall they affect the possibility of Members making rights available on the basis of use.
注冊(cè)商標(biāo)的所有人應(yīng)有專有權(quán)，以阻止所有第三方未經(jīng)其同意在交易過(guò)程中對(duì)與已獲商標(biāo)注冊(cè)的貨物或服務(wù)的相同或類似的貨物或服務(wù)使用相同或類似的標(biāo)記，如若這種使用可能會(huì)產(chǎn)生混淆。在對(duì)相同貨物或服務(wù)使用相同標(biāo)記是情況下，則應(yīng)推定存在混淆的可能性。上述權(quán)利不應(yīng)損害任何現(xiàn)有的優(yōu)先權(quán)，也不應(yīng)影響各成員以使用為基礎(chǔ)授予權(quán)利的可能性。
2. Article 6bis of the Paris Convention (1967) shall apply，mutatis mutandis，to services. In determining whether a trademark is well-known，Members shall take account of the knowledge of the trademark in the relevant sector of the public，including knowledge in the Member concerned which has been obtained as a result of the promotion of the trademark.
《巴黎公約》(1967)第6條之二這必要修改后應(yīng)適用于服務(wù)。在確定一商標(biāo)是否馳名時(shí)，各成員應(yīng)考慮到該商標(biāo)在相關(guān)部門為公眾所了解的程度，包括該商標(biāo)因促銷而在該有關(guān)成員獲得理解的程度。
3. Article 6bis of the Paris Convention (1967) shall apply，mutatis mutandis，to goods or services which are not similar to those in respect of which a trademark is registered，
provided that use of that trademark in relation to those goods or services would indicate a
connection between those goods or services and the owner of the registered trademark and provided that the interests of the owner of the registered trademark are likely to be damaged by such use.
《巴黎公約》(1967)第6條之二在作必要修改后應(yīng)適用于與已獲得商標(biāo)注冊(cè)的貨物或服務(wù)不相類似的貨物或服務(wù)，只要該商標(biāo)在那些貨物或服務(wù)上的使用會(huì)表明那些貨物或服務(wù)與該注冊(cè)商標(biāo)所有人之間存在著聯(lián)系，且這種使用有可能損害該注冊(cè)商標(biāo)所有人的權(quán)益。
Article 17 Exceptions第17條 例外
Members may provide limited exceptions to the rights conferred by a trademark，such as fair use of descriptive terms，provided that such exceptions take account of the legitimate interests of the owner of the trademark and of third parties.
各成員可對(duì)商標(biāo)所授予的權(quán)利規(guī)定有限制的例外，如適當(dāng)使用描述性術(shù)語(yǔ)，只要這些例外考慮到商標(biāo)所有人和第三方的合法權(quán)益。
Article 18 Term of Protection第18條 保護(hù)期限
Initial registration，and each renewal of registration，of a trademark shall be for a term of no less than seven years. The registration of a trademark shall be renewable indefinitely.
商標(biāo)首次注冊(cè)及其每次續(xù)展的期限不得少于7年。商標(biāo)的注冊(cè)應(yīng)可無(wú)限期地續(xù)展。
Article 19 Requirement of Use第19條 使用要求
1. If use is required to maintain a registration，the registration may be cancelled only after an uninterrupted period of at least three years of non-use，unless valid reasons based on the existence of obstacles to such use are shown by the trademark owner. Circumstances arising independently of the will of the owner of the trademark which constitute an obstacle to the use of the trademark，such as import restrictions on or other government requirements for goods or services protected by the trademark，shall be recognized as valid reasons for non-use.
如若保留注冊(cè)要求使用商標(biāo)，那么只有在至少連續(xù)3年未得使用后才可取消注冊(cè)，除非商標(biāo)所有人提出有效的理由說(shuō)明存在使用該商標(biāo)的障礙。出現(xiàn)構(gòu)成商標(biāo)使用的障礙但并非出乎商標(biāo)所有人意愿之情形，如對(duì)受商標(biāo)保護(hù)的貨物或服務(wù)實(shí)施進(jìn)口限制或其他政府要求，應(yīng)被認(rèn)為是不使用的有效理由。
2. When subject to the control of its owner，use of a trademark by another person shall be recognized as use of the trademark for the purpose of maintaining the registration.
在受所有權(quán)人控制的情況下，另一人使用一商標(biāo)應(yīng)被認(rèn)為為保留商標(biāo)注冊(cè)而使用商標(biāo)。
Article 20 Other Requirements第20條 其他要求
The use of a trademark in the course of trade shall not be unjustifiably encumbered by special requirements，such as use with another trademark, use in a special form or use in a manner detrimental to its capability to distinguish the goods or services of one undertaking from those of other undertakings. This will not preclude a requirement prescribing the use of the trademark identifying the undertaking producing the goods or services along with，but without linking it to，the trademark distinguishing the specific goods or services in question of that undertaking.
商標(biāo)在交易過(guò)程中的使用不應(yīng)受到特殊要求不合理的阻礙，諸如與另一商標(biāo)一起使用，以特殊形式使用或其使用方式會(huì)損害其區(qū)分一企業(yè)的貨物或服務(wù)與其他企業(yè)的貨物或服務(wù)的能力。但該規(guī)定不排除這樣的要求，即要求將識(shí)別該生產(chǎn)貨物或服務(wù)的企業(yè)的商標(biāo)與區(qū)別該企業(yè)的具體貨物或服務(wù)的商標(biāo)一起使用，但不將兩者聯(lián)系起來(lái)。
Article 21 Licensing and Assignment第21條 許可和轉(zhuǎn)讓
Members may determine conditions on the licensing and assignment of trademarks，it being understood that the compulsory licensing of trademarks shall not be permitted and that the owner of a registered trademark shall have the right to assign the trademark with or without the transfer of the business to which the trademark belongs.
各成員可對(duì)商標(biāo)的許可和轉(zhuǎn)讓規(guī)定條件，但這應(yīng)理解為不允許商標(biāo)的強(qiáng)制許可，而且注冊(cè)商標(biāo)的所有權(quán)人有權(quán)將商標(biāo)與該商標(biāo)所屬業(yè)務(wù)同時(shí)或不同時(shí)轉(zhuǎn)讓。
SECTION 3: GEOGRAPHICAL INDICATIONS第三節(jié)：地理標(biāo)識(shí)
Article 22 Protection of Geographical Indications第22條 地理標(biāo)識(shí)的保護(hù)
1. Geographical indications are，for the purposes of this Agreement，indications which identify a good as originating in the territory of a Member，or a region or locality in that territory，where a given quality，reputation or other characteristic of the good is essentially attributable to its geographical origin.
本協(xié)定之目的而言，“地理標(biāo)識(shí)”是指識(shí)別某一貨物來(lái)源于一成員的領(lǐng)土或該領(lǐng)土內(nèi)的一個(gè)地區(qū)或地方的標(biāo)識(shí)，而該貨物所具有的質(zhì)量、聲譽(yù)或其他特性實(shí)質(zhì)上歸因于其地理來(lái)源。
2. In respect of geographical indications，Members shall provide the legal means for interested parties to prevent：
在地理標(biāo)識(shí)方面，各成員應(yīng)為有利益關(guān)系的各方提供法律手段以防止：
(a) the use of any means in the designation or presentation of a good that indicates or suggests that the good in question originates in a geographical area other than the true place of origin in a manner which misleads the public as to the geographical origin of the good；
用任何方式在標(biāo)示和說(shuō)明某一貨物時(shí)指示或暗示該有關(guān)貨物來(lái)源于一個(gè)非其真實(shí)原產(chǎn)地的一個(gè)地理區(qū)域，從而在該貨物的地理來(lái)源方面誤導(dǎo)公眾；
(b) any use which constitutes an act of unfair competition within the meaning of Article 10bis of the Paris Convention (1967).
任何構(gòu)成《巴黎公約》(1967)第10條之二意義下不公平競(jìng)爭(zhēng)行為的使用，
3. A Member shall，ex officio if its legislation so permits or at the request of an interested party，refuse or invalidate the registration of a trademark which contains or consists of a geographical indication with respect to goods not originating in the territory indicated，if use of the indication in the trademark for such goods in that Member is of such a nature as to mislead the public as to the true place of origin.
如若一商標(biāo)包含的或構(gòu)成的有關(guān)貨物并非源自所表明領(lǐng)土的地理標(biāo)識(shí)，且如若在該貨物的商標(biāo)中使用這一標(biāo)識(shí)會(huì)使公眾對(duì)其真實(shí)的原產(chǎn)地產(chǎn)生誤解，則一成員在其立法允許或有利益關(guān)系的一方請(qǐng)求的情況下，可拒絕或廢止該商標(biāo)的注冊(cè)。
4. The protection under paragraphs 1，2 and 3 shall be applicable against a geographical indication which，although literally true as to the territory，region or locality in which the goods originate，falsely represents to the public that the goods originate in another territory.
根據(jù)第1款、第2款和第3款給予的保護(hù)應(yīng)可適用于雖在字面上表明貨物來(lái)源的真實(shí)領(lǐng)土、地區(qū)或地方，但卻虛假地向公眾表明該貨物源于另一領(lǐng)土的地理標(biāo)識(shí)。
