Article 34 Process Patents: Burden of Proof第34條 方法專利：舉證責任
1. For the purposes of civil proceedings in respect of the infringement of the rights of the owner referred to in paragraph 1(b) of Article 28，if the subject matter of a patent is a process for obtaining a product，the judicial authorities shall have the authority to order the defendant to prove that the process to obtain an identical product is different from the patented process. Therefore，Members shall provide，in at least one of the following circumstances，that any identical product when produced without the consent of the patent owner shall，in the absence of proof to the contrary，be deemed to have been obtained by the patented process：
就第28條第1款(b)項所指的侵害所有權人權利的民事訴訟而言，如若一項專利的客體是獲得一種產(chǎn)品的方法，司法當局應有權責令被告證明其獲得相同產(chǎn)品的方法與已獲專利的方法不同。因此，各成員應規(guī)定至少在下列一種情況下，任何未經(jīng)專利權所有人同意而生產(chǎn)的相同產(chǎn)品，若無相反證明，則應被視為是通過已獲專利方法而獲得的：
(a) if the product obtained by the patented process is new；
若通過已獲專利方法而獲得的產(chǎn)品是新的；
(b) if there is a substantial likelihood that the identical product was made by the process and the owner of the patent has been unable through reasonable efforts to determine the process actually used.
如若存在實質(zhì)性的可能性表明該相同產(chǎn)品是由該方法生產(chǎn)的，而專利權所有人經(jīng)過合理的努力仍不能確定事實使用了該方法。
2. Any Member shall be free to provide that the burden of proof indicated in paragraph 1 shall be on the alleged infringer only if the condition referred to in subparagraph (a) is fulfilled or only if the condition referred to in subparagraph (b) is fulfilled.
只有滿足(a)項或(b)項所指條件，任何成員才有權規(guī)定第1款所指的舉證責任由被指控的侵權人承擔。
3. In the adduction of proof to the contrary, the legitimate interests of defendants in protecting their manufacturing and business secrets shall be taken into account.
在引用相反證據(jù)時，應考慮被告在保護其制造和商業(yè)秘密方面的合法權益。
SECTION 6: LAYOUT-DESIGNS (TOPOGRAPHIES) OF INTEGRATED CIRCUITS
第6節(jié)：集成電路布圖設計(拓撲圖)
Article 35 Relation to the IPIC Treaty
第35條 與《關于集成電路的知識產(chǎn)權條約》的關系
Members agree to provide protection to the layout-designs (topographies) of integrated circuits (referred to in this Agreement as “l(fā)ayout-designs”) in accordance with Articles 2 through 7 (other than paragraph 3 of Article 6), Article 12 and paragraph 3 of Article 16 of the Treaty on Intellectual Property in Respect of Integrated Circuits and，in addition，to comply with the following provisions.
各成員同意按照《關于集成電路的知識產(chǎn)權條約》中第2至第7條(第6條第3款除外)，以及第12條和第16條第3款，對集成電路的布圖設計(拓撲圖)(本協(xié)定中稱為“布圖設計”)提供保護，此外，還同意遵守以下規(guī)定。
Article 36 Scope of the Protection第36條 保護范圍
Subject to the provisions of paragraph 1 of Article 37，Members shall consider unlawful the following acts if performed without the authorization of the right holder：9 importing， selling，or otherwise distributing for commercial purposes a protected layout-design，an integrated circuit in which a protected layout-design is incorporated，or an article incorporating such an integrated circuit only in so far as it continues to contain an unlawfully reproduced layout-design.
在遵守第37條第1款規(guī)定的前提下，各成員應視下列未經(jīng)權利持有人9授權的行為為非法：為商業(yè)目的進口、銷售、或分銷受保護的布圖設計、含有受保護的布圖設計的集成電路、或含有這種集成電路的物品，只要該集成電路仍然含有非法復制的布圖設計。
Article 37 Acts Not Requiring the Authorization of the Right Holder
第37條 無需權利持有人授權的行為
1. Notwithstanding Article 36，no Member shall consider unlawful the performance of any of the acts referred to in that Article in respect of an integrated circuit incorporating an unlawfully reproduced layout-design or any article incorporating such an integrated circuit where the person performing or ordering such acts did not know and had no reasonable ground to know，when acquiring the integrated circuit or article incorporating such an integrated circuit，that it incorporated an unlawfully reproduced layout-design. Members shall provide that，after the time that such person has received sufficient notice that the layout-design was unlawfully reproduced，that person may perform any of the acts with respect to the stock on hand or ordered before such time，but shall be liable to pay to the right holder a sum equivalent to a reasonable royalty such as would be payable under a freely negotiated licence in respect of such a layout-design.
盡管有第36條的規(guī)定，但如若從事或命令從事該條所指的與含有非法復制的布圖設計的集成電路或含有這種集成電路的物品有關的人 在獲得該集成電路或含有該集成電路的物品時，不知道且沒有合理的理由知道其中包含這種非法復制的布圖設計，則任何成員不應將從事該條所指的任何行為視為非法。各成員應規(guī)定，在此人收到關于該布圖設計被非法復制的充分通知后，可對現(xiàn)有的存貨及此前的訂貨采取任何行動，但有責任向權利持有人支付一筆金額，該金額相當于就該布圖設計自愿達成的許可協(xié)議應付的合理提成費。
2. The conditions set out in subparagraphs (a) through (k) of Article 31 shall apply mutatis mutandis in the event of any non-voluntary licensing of a layout-design or of its use by or for the government without the authorization of the right holder.
2．第31條(a)至(k)項規(guī)定的條件在作不要的修改后應適用于任何有關布圖設計的非自愿許可情形或任何未經(jīng)權利持有人授權而被政府或為政府而使用的情形。
Article 38 Term of Protection第38條 保護期限
1. In Members requiring registration as a condition of protection，the term of protection of layout-designs shall not end before the expiration of a period of 10 years counted from the date of filing an application for registration or from the first commercial exploitation wherever in the world it occurs.
在要求以注冊作為保護條件的成員中，布圖設計的保護期限不應在從提交注冊申請之日起，或從第一次在世界上任何地方將其投入商業(yè)利用之日時計算10年期限屆滿前終止。
2. In Members not requiring registration as a condition for protection, layout-designs shall be protected for a term of no less than 10 years from the date of the first commercial exploitation wherever in the world it occurs.
在不要求以注冊為保護條件的成員中，布圖設計的保護期限不得少于從其第一次在世界上任何地方將其投入商業(yè)利用之日起計算的1O年。
3. Notwithstanding paragraphs 1 and 2，a Member may provide that protection shall lapse 15 years after the creation of the layout-design.
盡管有第l款和第2款的規(guī)定，一成員仍可規(guī)定保護應在布圖設計創(chuàng)作15年后終止。
SECTION 7: PROTECTION OF UNDISCLOSED INFORMATION
第7節(jié) 對未披露信息的保護
Article 39第39條
1. In the course of ensuring effective protection against unfair competition as provided in Article 10bis of the Paris Convention (1967), Members shall protect undisclosed information in accordance with paragraph 2 and data submitted to governments or governmental agencies in accordance with paragraph 3.
在確保有效保護《巴黎公約》(1967)第10條之二所規(guī)定的不公平競爭的過程中，各成員應根據(jù)第2款對未披露信息和根據(jù)第3款對提交給政府或政府機構的數(shù)據(jù)提供保護。
2. Natural and legal persons shall have the possibility of preventing information lawfully within their control from being disclosed to, acquired by, or used by others without their consent in a manner contrary to honest commercial practices10 so long as such information：
自然人和法人應有可能防止其合法控制的信息在未經(jīng)其同意的情況下，以違反誠實商業(yè)作法的方式10向他人披露，或被他人獲得或使用，只要該信息：
(a) is secret in the sense that it is not, as a body or in the precise configuration and assembly of its components, generally known among or readily accessible to persons within the circles that normally deal with the kind of information in question；
是保密的，即無論作為一個整體還是就其各部分持的精確排列和組合而言，該信息尚不為通常處理該信息范圍內(nèi)的人所普遍知曉，或不易被他們獲得；
(b) has commercial value because it is secret；and因其保密而具有商業(yè)價值；并且
(c) has been subject to reasonable steps under the circumstances，by the person lawfully in control of the information，to keep it secret.
由該信息的合法控制人在當時的情況下采取合理的步驟以保持其秘密性。
3. Members，when requiring，as a condition of approving the marketing of pharmaceutical
or of agricultural chemical products which utilize new chemical entities，the submission of undisclosed test or other data，the origination of which involves a considerable effort，shall protect such data against unfair commercial use. In addition，Members shall protect such data against disclosure，except where necessary to protect the public，or unless steps are taken to ensure that the data are protected against unfair commercial use.
各成員如要求提交，作為批準銷售使用新型化學實體而制造的藥品或農(nóng)業(yè)化學品的條件，需提交通過巨大努力取得的未披露的試驗數(shù)據(jù)或其他數(shù)據(jù)，則應保該類數(shù)據(jù)，以防止不正當商業(yè)利用。此外，各成員應保護這些數(shù)據(jù)不被披露，或除非為保護公眾的需要，或除非已采取措施確保該數(shù)據(jù)不被不正當?shù)厣虡I(yè)利用。
5就本條目的而言，一成員可把“發(fā)明性步驟”和“能進行工業(yè)應用”這兩個術語分別理解為與“非顯見性的”和“有用的”這兩個術語同義。
6本權利，連同本協(xié)定項下授予的關于使用、銷售、進口物品或分銷貨物的權利一樣，應遵守第6條的規(guī)定。
7 “其他使用”是指除第30條允許以外的使用。
8據(jù)理解，沒有原始授予制度的成員可規(guī)定保護期限應自原始授予制度中的申請之日起計算。
9本節(jié)中的“權利持有人”這一術語應理解為與《IPIC條約》中的“權利的持有人”這一術語含義相同。
10就本規(guī)定之目的而言，“違反誠實商業(yè)做法的方式”應至少包括以下做法：如違約，泄密和違約誘導，并包括第三方獲得未披露的信息，而該第三方知道或因嚴重疏忽而未能知道這種獲得涉及這些做法。
